- KAI-1 Protein Expression in Breast Cancer: Correlation with Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis and other Prognostic Factors.
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Shi Nae Lee, Min Sun Cho, Sun Hee Sung, Hea soo Koo, Ok Kyung Kim, Woon Sup Han
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Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):239-245.
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- BACKGROUND
KAI-1 is a metastasis suppressor gene. We have evaluated the correlationbetween KAI-1 protein expression in ductal carcinomas of the breast and axillary lymph nodemetastasis.
METHODS
The expression of KAI-1 protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistryto examine breast tissues of ductal carcinomas from 50 patients with nodal metastasisand from 53 patients without metastasis. Western blot analysis was performed on fresh frozenbreast tissues from 17 cases with nodal metastasis and from 19 cases without metastasis.
RESULTS
Immunohistochemical KAI-1 protein expression was decreased or negative in 39out of 50 cases with metastasis (78%), compared with 8 out of 53 cases with no metastasis(15.1%). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical KAI-1protein expression was significantly decreased in cases with higher modified Black's nucleargrade (p=0.027) and larger tumor size (p=0.039). Western blot analysis showed positivebands at 29.5 kDa in 8 out of 19 cases without metastasis (42.1%), and none of the 17 caseswith metastasis showed positive bands (p=0.0024).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest thepossibility that KAl-1 might play a major role of a metastasis suppressor gene in addition tothe part it plays in the growth and progression of human breast ductal carcinoma. In addition, the decreased expression of KAI-1 protein in breast ductal carcinomas could be used as afactor suggesting poor prognosis.
- Expression of Glomerular-Smooth Muscle Actin and Vimentin in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy as Prognostic Indicators.
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Min Jin Lee, Ok Kyung Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):26-34.
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- BACKGROUND
The natural history of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is heterogeneous with some patients showing spontaneous remission while others show a progressive course leading to end-stage renal failure. We tried to assess quantitatively alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and vimentin expression as markers to predict the outcome of membranous nephropathy.
METHODS
This study included 24 patients with biopsy proven IMN. We measured the volume of the positive area for alpha-SMA and vimentin within the glomeruli and compared the results with 5 patients in the normal control group. We evaluated glomerular alpha-SMA and vimentin expression in correlation with BUN and serum creatinine level at the time of diagnosis and after treatment.
RESULTS
Glomerular alpha-SMA and vimentin in IMN were higher than in the control group. Glomerular alpha-SMA was significantly higher in progressive IMN than in non-progressive IMN. The glomerular alpha-SMA was sifnificantly correlated with BUN and serum creatinine at last follow-up (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant correlation at diagnosis. The glomerular vimentin was not different between progressive and non-progressive groups.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that the expression of glomerular alpha-SMA may be a useful prognostic indicator and may be able to differentiate between patients with membranous nephropathy who respond well to treatment and those who continue to progress.
- Immunohistochemical Study on Tenascin Expression in IgA Nephropathy.
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Ho Jung Kim, Hye Jin Park, Ok Kyung Kim, Sun Hee Sung
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Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(1):68-76.
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- Glomerulosclerosis is a common outcome in various progressive glomerular diseases, and results from accumulation of extracellular matrices.
Depending on the disease progression the extracellular matrices show quantitative and qualitative alterations. Tenascin is a significant extracellular matrix glycoprotein that expresses in normal and pathologic tissue of varying organs including kidney. We performed immunohistochemical staining for tenascin using 30 cases of renal biopsy specimens diagnosed as IgA nephropathy to study the alteration of tenascin expression in IgA nephropathy according to the histologic grading. The results were as follows; 1. The more high histologic grade, the more increase of tenascin was found in the glomerulus. 2. Tenascin was increased in proportion to the mesangial matrix. 3. The staining of tenascin was more intense in glomerular sclerotic area and was increased in proportion to the progression of sclerosis. 4.
Cellular crescents showed strong positivity for tenascin. 5. Tenascin was increased in proportion to the degree of interstitial fibrosis in renal cortex. In conclusion, tenascin is an important extracellular matrix component which is significantly increased in both glomerulus and cortical interstitium according to the progress of the disease in IgA nephropathy.
- Correlation Between the Frequency of Apoptotic Bodies and Gleason Scores in Prostatic Cancer.
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Hee Soo Yoon, Ho Jung Kim, Hea Soo Koo, Ok Kyung Kim, Sung Sook Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):462-469.
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- Apoptosis (or programmed cell death) is defined by morphologic changes induced by a spectrum of physical and chemical agents. resulting in non-pathologic cell loss, which is relevant to a range of biological processes, including differentiation, development, maturation, and injury of cells as well as immunologic function. In this study, we examined the frequency of apoptotic bodies and mitoses (apoptotic and mitotic indices) in the tissue samples of 35 patients of prostatic carcinoma, which were grouped according to the Gleason scores, and 5 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The indices were determined as the numbers of apoptotic and mitotic bodies per 100 tumor cells in hematoxylin eosin stained section. The apoptotic bodies were confirmed by the in situ nick end labelling method. The apoptotic and mitotic indices were observed more frequently in prostatic carcinoma than the benign hyperplastic prostatic tissues with a positive correlation between the frequency of apoptotic bodies and Gleason scores in prostatic cancer. In conclusion, an increased programmed cell death was correlated with the increasing malignant potential (higher Gleason scores) in prostatic cancer.
- Crohn's Disease Involving Small Intestine and Colon: 2 cases report.
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Shi Nae Lee, Sun Hee Chang, Hee Soo Yoon, Hea Soo Koo, Ok Kyung Kim, Ryung Ah Lee, Eung Beum Park
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(4):379-382.
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- Crohn's disease was originally described as a small bowel disorder and has been known to involve the large bowel in approximately 40% of all cases with or without concomitant ileal component. We describe two cases of Crohn's diseas of small intestine and colon with a summary of differential diagnosis with ulcerative colitis. Both cases were originally diagnosed and treated as ileal tuberculosis.
Grossly, there were skip lesions in both cases with prominent pseudopolyps and ulcerations in colon. Also noted were typical serpentine lesions in ileum as well as in colon. Microscopically, transmural inflammation was confirmed and one case showed scattered noncaseating granulomas in the wall. Submucosal edema and fibrosis with thickening of the wall was not prominent in colon.
Polymerase chain reaction performed on paraffin block for the demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in one case showed negative reaction.
- Familial Juvenile Polyposis.
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Sun Hee Chang, Shi Nae Lee, Hea Soo Koo, Ok Kyung Kim, Sun Sub Jung, Eung Bum Park
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(2):185-188.
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- Familial juvenile polyposis is a rare intestinal polyposis characterized by the occurrence of multiple juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of familial juvenile polyposis in a 17-year-old man with a review of the literature. This patient underwent total colectomy due to a 6 years history of rectal bleeding. Grossly, the colon showed 36 variable sized pedunculated polyps, measuring 2.5cm x 2cm from the largest size and 0.2cm x 0.2cm to the smallest size. Histologically, the polyps consisted of cystically dilated glands, lined by normal colonic epithelial cells, scattered in loose, edematous stroma containing inflammatory cell infiltration. There were no areas of tubular adenoma or malignancy in any of the polyp.
- Tailgut Cyst with Glomus Coccygeum: Report of a case.
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Mi Jung Kim, Shi Nae Lee, Sung Sook Kim, Hea Soo Koo, Ok Kyung Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(7):643-645.
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- Tailgut cyst of retrorectal space is uncommon and its classification and prognosis are unclear. The lesion usually consists of a multiloculated cyst lined by squamous, transitional, and glandular epithelium. Disorganized fascicles of smooth muscle may be seen in the wall. Glomus coccygeum, normally located at the tip of coccyx, is incidentally discovered in the presacral mass including tailgut cyst. We report a case of tailgut cyst in a 35 year old female who had internal hemorrhoid and intermittent anal pain for 3 years. Pelvic computerized tomography revealed a 3x2 cm sized mass in the presacral area. The mass was multicystic and lined by squamous, transitional, and peudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with inflammatory cells and scattered smooth muscle in the wall.
Dermal adnexal structures were not present, which excluded dermoid cyst. A glomus body was identified in the surrounding soft tissue.
- Significance of Ultrastructural Electron Dense Deposits on Glomerular Capillary Loops in IgA Nephropathy.
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Sun Hee Sung, Ok Kyung Kim, Woon Sup Han
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Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(1):32-39.
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- To evaluate the clinical and histopathological significance of electron dense deposits on capillary in IgA nephropathy, we reviewed and compared the clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of the patients with IgA nephropathy without loop extension of electron dense deposits(Group I, 91 cases) and IgA nephropathy with loop extension(Group II, 17cases) by ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscope. IgA nephropathy associated with liver disease, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus and the other IgA nephropathies associated with systemic diseases were excluded. The results were as follows; 1) There was no significant difference in age distribution. 2) Generalized edema was more common in group II. 3) Nephrotic ranged proteinuria(>3 g/24hr urine) was more prominent in Group II(52.9%) than Group I(8.8%). 4) Among the groups, segmental or mild deposits on the loops were noted in 13 cases, and severe and generalized deposits in 4 cases. Subendothelial deposits were noted in 6 cases, subepithelial deposits in 3 cases, subendothelial with intramembranous deposits in 1 case, subendothelial with subepithelial deposits in 1 case, intramembranous with subepithelial deposits in 2 cases, and subendothelial, subepithelial and intramembranous deposits in 4 cases. 5) The other associated ultrastructural changes of group II were diffuse effacement of foot processes with microvillous transformation, swelling or vacuolar degeneration of podocytes and glomerular endothelium. 6) According to the WHO morphologic criteria, the grade of Group II was significantly higher than Group I. From the above results, it can be concluded that the extension of electron dense deposits along the capillary loops in the cases of IgA nephropathy is highly correlated with proteinuria in the nephrotic ranged. It seems to be a poor prognostic indicator in view of the facts that it correlats with high histopathologic grading.
- Immunohistochemical Study of the Expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2 and PCNA in N-Nitrosomorpholine(NNM)-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Rats.
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Ok Kyung Kim, Ryun Jo Shin
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(6):727-739.
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- The focus of this study was o aialyze the morphologic expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2, and PCNA in preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions induced with NNM of rats. The development of hepatocellular tumors was investigated by histology and electron microscope in 65 Splague-Dawley rats administered with NNM in drinking water at low dose(5 mg/100 ml) and high dose(20 mg/100 ml). Three types of hepatocytic degeneration glycogenotic, eosinophilic and basophilic changes were followed by the appearance of hepatocellullar carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was increased in number and size according to NNM dosage and to duration of exposure. The histological classifications of hepatocelular carcinoma wer trabecular type, which was which was the most common, large eosinophilic, small cell, adenocarcinomatous and clear cell type. The expression of p53, Pan-ras, c-erbB-2 PCNA was examined by immunohistochemical stains. Eosinophilic degeneration revealed mild positivity at 18-26 weeks for expression of all oncogenic proteins studied and PCNA, whereas precancerous lesions showed variable expression from negative to moderate positivity on PCNA. Hepatocellular carcinoma lesions showed strong positivity for all stains and increased intensity during experimental period. These may indicate that chemical carcinogen produce hepatic eosinophilic degeneration and preCancerOus lesions by genetic mutation, resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Immunohistochemical Study of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.
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Jung Weon Shim, Hye Jae Cho, Ill Hyang Ko, Ok Kyung Kim
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(2):93-103.
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- Historically, gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST) have been considered as smooth muscle tumors, but the controversy over this histogenesis is provoked due to various results with utilizing immunohistochemical methods. In andeffort to further clarify the histogenesis of GIST, we performed the immunohistochemical study, as well as histopathologic reexamination, of 24 cases, all diagnosed as smooth muscle tumors of gastrointestinal tract, from Seoul Paik Hospital and Ewha University Hospital between 1980 and 1989, and the main results were as follows; 1) In the histopathologic features by light microscopic study, 11 benign and 13 malignant lesions (including one high grade malignancy and 12 low-grade malignant lesions) were disclosed. 2) In the immunohistochemical study, all tumors showed Vimentin positivity (100%), but no tumor showed S-100 protein positivity (0%), and 7 cases (29.1%) showed Desmin positivity. Positive reaction for Desmin made it possible to suggest that the histogenesis of GIST be in smooth muscle, and neurogenic origin would be excluded by all negativity for S-100 protein. In summary, we would like to conclude that GIST would be smooth muscle tumors on account of their morphological characteristics and their intramural location, but most of them appear poorly differentiated by immunohistochemical method.
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